2. FIM-92 Stinger: The Cold War Game-Changer
Rising legendary reputation during the Soviet-Afghan War, the FIM-92 Stinger became maybe the most well-known MANPADS in history. Originally debuted in 1981, the Stinger marked a quantum increase in capability above its Redeye predecessor. Its sophisticated guiding system—which combines UV and IR sensors—dramatically enhanced resistance to countermeasures and precision. Against both fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters, the missile's capacity to hit targets from all sides—not only from behind—made it quite deadly. In Afghanistan, where it essentially neutralised Soviet air superiority and mandated notable modifications in Russian aviation strategy, the Stinger's influence was especially clear-cut. Modern variations, with their increased electronics, range, and capability against contemporary threats, continue to be useful for many military forces all around.
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